Bone fixation system with fasteners and a removal tool for decoupling of the fasteners

ABSTRACT

A locking clip for retaining a fastener in a bone fixation plate, the locking clip comprising a flexure member and a body member coupled to the flexure member, the body member comprising a locking tab, the locking tab configured to provide an axial limitation to motion of the fastener in a non-rotationally-ratcheting manner, the flexure member resiliently flexible to permit displacement of the locking tab to allow passage of a fastener head of the fastener, the locking tab configured to translate a downward force of the fastener head into a lateral spreading force to effect the displacement, the body member defining a clip tool engagement cavity for translational displacement of the locking tab.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

The present application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/478,036, entitled BONE FIXATION SYSTEMS,APPARATUSES, AND METHODS WITH ANTI-BACK-OUT FEATURE,” filed on Apr. 3,2017, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference, whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/040,339, entitled “BONE FIXATION SYSTEMS, APPARATUSES, AND METHODSWITH ANTI-BACK OUT FEATURE” filed on Feb. 10, 2016, (Attorney Docket No.ADM-P001US), the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference,which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/285,940, filed on Nov. 13, 2015, and to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/386,502, filed on Dec. 3, 2015, both of which areincorporated herein by reference in entirety.

BACKGROUND Field of the Disclosure

This disclosure relates generally to orthopedic devices, and morespecifically, to a bone fixation system, apparatus, and method withanti-back out feature.

Background of the Disclosure

For various bone fractures, the use of orthopedic plates is a well-knowntechnique to stabilize the bone as needed for proper healing. Generally,a rigid, often metal plate is placed on the outer surface of the boneacross the fracture, and orthopedic screws extend through the plate intothe bone on either side of the fracture. The plate offers support andstability to the bone during the healing period. Typically, theorthopedic screws have threads along a shaft, which are adapted toengage bone. The head portion of the screw is commonly a standard screwhead that provides a compressive force as the screw is threaded into thebone, thereby compressing the orthopedic plate against the bone.

It may also be necessary to secure and stabilize the cervical vertebraeduring spinal fusion surgeries. Stabilization of the cervical vertebraefacilitates an appropriate healing or a preferred result. In suchsituations, an orthopedic plate may be mounted on one or more vertebraeduring the surgery using orthopedic screws. The plates are firmlysecured to the spinal column so that the plates are not broken whenstressed. Typically, screws are used to mount the cervical plate to theone or more vertebrae.

The term “micromotion” refers to microscopic relative displacements of aloaded intraosseously implanted orthopedic hardware component withrespect to the bone surrounding it. Micromotion between the bone and theportion of the orthopedic screws within the bone or vertebrae can causeloosening of one or more orthopedic screws, often called back out. Whenscrew back out occurs, loosening of the entire assembly occurs, therebydiminishing the stability of the set fracture or spinal fusion.

To address screw back out, some orthopedic systems have used screws withthreaded heads. In such systems, the head of the screw threadablyengages in threads in the orthopedic plate to lock the screws relativeto the plate. These systems, however, do not provide the necessarycontrol of compression between the plate and bone because the screw islocked relative to the plate. Accordingly, this type of system providessub-optimal stability for attachment of orthopedic plates to bone(s). Inaddition, the threaded engagement between the screw and plate can loosenover time.

Other systems use secondary discrete hardware to lock a bone screw tothe plate. For example, some systems use a set screw that sets againstthe head of the orthopedic screw to prevent back out of the screw. Inanother system, a washer and screw assembly is used in combination toprovide compression against the head of the orthopedic screw and preventback out. Such systems increase the number of individual hardware piecesfor a given application, increasing not only the complexity ofinstalling an orthopedic plate, but also the chances of an object beinglost in the surgical wound.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure may be better understood, and its numerousfeatures and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art byreferencing the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are illustrated byway of example and are not limited by the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating one embodiment of the bonefixation system with an anti-back out feature including an orthopedicplate, clamp, and screw.

FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating one embodiment of an orthopedic screwused in a bone fixation system with an anti-back out feature.

FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating one embodiment of a clamp used in abone fixation system with an anti-back out feature.

FIG. 4 is an elevation view of one embodiment of a clamp used in a bonefixation system with an anti-back out feature.

FIG. 5 is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate andclamp assembly used in a bone fixation system with an anti-back outfeature taken along line B-B.

FIG. 6A is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system with ananti-back out feature taken along line C-C.

FIG. 6B is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system with ananti-back out feature.

FIG. 7 is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system with ananti-back out feature taken along line D-D.

FIG. 8 is a side view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate, clamp,and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system.

FIG. 9 is another side view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system.

FIG. 10 is a top view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate, clamp,and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system.

FIG. 12 is a plan view diagram illustrating a straight three holelocking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a front elevation view diagram illustrating a straight threehole locking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating a straight threehole locking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a straight three holelocking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a plan view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating a straight three hole locking clip in accordance with atleast one embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a plan view diagram illustrating an angled three hole lockingclip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a front elevation view diagram illustrating an angled threehole locking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating an angled threehole locking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view diagram illustrating an angled three holelocking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a plan view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating an angled three hole locking clip in accordance with atleast one embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating locking clips with installed screws in accordance with atleast one embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a plan view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating locking clips with installed screws in accordance with atleast one embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating locking clips in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 25 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a fully threadedaxially displaced double-lead threaded screw in accordance with at leastone embodiment.

FIG. 26 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a fully threadedcortical screw in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 27 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a partially threadedcortical screw in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a front elevation view diagram illustrating a single holelocking clip with clip tool engagement cavities in accordance with atleast one embodiment.

FIG. 29 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating a single holelocking clip with clip tool engagement cavities in accordance with atleast one embodiment.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a single hole lockingclip with clip tool engagement cavities in accordance with at least oneembodiment.

FIG. 31 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a screw for a lockingscrew assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a locking ring for alocking screw assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 33 is a plan view diagram illustrating a locking ring for a lockingscrew assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.

FIG. 34 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a locking screwassembly in an unlocked configuration in accordance with at least oneembodiment.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a locking screwassembly in a locked configuration in accordance with at least oneembodiment.

The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicatessimilar or identical items. Items in the figures are illustrated forsimplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of systems, apparatuses, and methods for bone fixation withan anti-back feature are described. In an embodiment, an orthopedicplate with embedded clamps that set on the head of orthopedic screws canbe used to provide stability to a bone or bones, with the clampspreventing the back out of the orthopedic screws. Because the screwsneed not be fixed relative to the plate, the bone fixation system canobtain the desired compression for stability. In addition, because theclamps have at least one protrusion that sits on a portion of the headof the orthopedic screws, the bone fixation system prevents back out ofthe screws. Furthermore, because the clamps can be, as examples, eitherembedded within or placed in a notch and channel in the sidewall of thescrew holes before the operation begins, the number of individualhardware pieces remains limited as does the complexity of installing thebone fixation system.

In another embodiment, the configuration of the screw holes in theorthopedic plate and the head of the orthopedic screws allow the screwsto be inserted perpendicularly to the bone or at angle. Suchconfiguration allows the bone fixation system to provide traction orlateral forces in addition to the desired compression.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating one embodiment of the bonefixation system with an anti-back out feature including an orthopedicplate, clamp, and screw. The orthopedic plate 40 can be any orthopedicplate which has application in providing compression or otherstabilization to bone, including but not limited to, plates forfractures of the diaphysis and/or metaphysis of long bones, plates forplacement on the mandible or other portions of the skull, plates forosteosynthesis, particularly along the vertebrae, and plates forplacement on a bone or bones in the foot, ankle, shoulder, hand, and/orwrist. Those skilled in the art would understand that the orthopedicplate 40 may be shaped for placement on many different types of bonesand is not limited to the illustrative examples provided. The plategenerally includes a plurality of screw holes, one such screw hole 42 isshown in FIG. 1. The screw hole 42 may be threadless and in anembodiment of the bone fixation system with anti-back out featureincludes a notch and channel 46 in the sidewall of the hole. Thesemi-circle-shaped clamp 30 sits within the notch and channel 46. Theorthopedic plate 40 may also include openings 44 that allow forvisualization of the bone once the plate 40 is inserted. A plurality oforthopedic screws 10, 48 can be driven into the bone through theplurality of screw holes 42. While eleven orthopedic screws 10, 48 areillustrated in FIG. 1, those skilled in the art would understand thatthe bone plate 40 may include more or less than eleven orthopedic screws10, 48.

FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating one embodiment of an orthopedic screwused in a bone fixation system with an anti-back out feature. Theorthopedic screw 10 includes a head with an upper recess (not shown) onsurface 12, for example, a hex slot, for a driver, a shaft 18 with boneengaging threads 20, and a conical taper 16 at the lower end of the headleading into the shaft 18. The head includes a cylindrical portion 22with a radius that is less than the radius of the head. As a result, aportion of the clamp 30 (not shown in FIG. 2) can rest on a portion ofsurface 14.

While the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 is a fully threadedcancellous screw, other embodiments may be practiced. As examples,embodiments may be practiced as a partially threaded cancellous screw, afully threaded cortical screw, a partially threaded cortical screw, acancellous and cortical screw, and others. Fully threaded screws havethreads over substantially the entire length of their shafts, whilepartially threaded screws have threads over a portion of the length oftheir shafts, with at least another portion of the length of theirshafts unthreaded. A cancellous and cortical screw has threads of onetype along a distal portion of its shaft and threads of another typealong a proximal portion of its shaft. The distal portion may beimmediately adjacent to the proximal portion, or the distal portion andthe proximal portion may be separated from each other, for example, byan unthreaded portion. Illustrations of examples of orthopedic screws inaccordance with other embodiments may be found in FIGS. 25-27, which aredescribed further below.

FIG. 3 is a top view illustrating one embodiment of a clamp used in abone fixation system with an anti-back out feature. The clamp 30includes a substantially semi-circle-shaped washer 32 with twoprotrusions 34 extending vertically away from the washer 32 and towardthe center of the washer 32. FIG. 4 is an elevation view of thisembodiment of a clamp 30 of FIG. 3, showing a profile of the washer 32and protrusions 34.

FIG. 5 is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate andclamp assembly used in a bone fixation system with an anti-back outfeature taken along line B-B of FIG. 1. Clamp 30 sits within the notchand channel 46 of the hole 42 in the orthopedic plate 40. The washerportion 32 of the clamp 30 sits on the surface of the notch and channel46. The protrusions 34 of the clamp 30 may be substantially flat withthe top surface of the plate 40. The curved structure of the lowersurface of the plate 40 complements the natural curved structure of abone.

FIG. 6A is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system with ananti-back out feature taken along line C-C of FIG. 1. The head of screws10 sits within the space defined by the hole 42 in the plate 40, and, asthe head is driven toward the bone, the plate is compressed against thebone. The screw 10 can be driven until a desired compression isobtained. The conical taper 16 of the screws 10 sits against the conicaltaper of the screw holes 42. The conical configuration of both the screwhead and the screw hole allow the screws 10 to be inserted eitherperpendicularly or at an angle into the bone and to provide the desiredcompression.

The clamp 30, and more specifically the protrusions 34, prevents anyloosening or back out of the screw 10 that may occur throughmicromotion. Due to the conical taper 16 at the lower end of the head ofthe screw 10, the screw 10 can be inserted into the screw hole 42 andpast the clamp 30 without significant resistance from the clamp 30, asthe conical taper 16 presents a ramped surface that will partiallydeflect the clamp 30 into the notch and channel 46 of the hole 42 as thescrew is inserted. However, the configuration of the screw 10 with thecylindrical portion 22 that has a radius smaller than that of the restof the screw head allows the protrusions 34 of the clamp 30 to rest onsurface 14 of the screw. With this arrangement, significant interferencecan be created between the protrusions 34 and the head of the screw 10.As such, the clamp 30 resists unintentional backing out by the screw 10from the screw hole and can be configured, for example, so that suchresistance can be overcome with substantial and intentional manual forceapplied to the screw.

FIG. 6B is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system with ananti-back out feature. The embodiment shown in FIG. 6B includes anorthopedic plate such as orthopedic plate 40 of FIG. 1, a locking clipsuch as single hole locking clip 203 of FIG. 30, and a screw such asfully threaded axially displaced double-lead threaded screw 160 of FIG.25. Other embodiments may comprise other orthopedic plates, otherlocking clip, and other screws, as described elsewhere herein.

Orthopedic plate 40 can have multiple instances of frustoconicalinternal surface 43, each instance of which defines a hole 42 inorthopedic plate 40. Defined within internal surface 43 is arcuateundercut cavity 348. Arcuate undercut cavity 348 serves as a housing forconnective portion 122 of single hole locking clip 203 to retain singlehole locking clip 203 securely within orthopedic plate 40.

Screw 160 comprises single lead wide pitch thread 170 forms a helix thatextends along a threaded length of screw 160. Additional wide pitchthread 171 forms a helix whose turns lie between the turns of singlelead wide pitch thread 170 along the same axis as single lead wide pitchthread 170. Thus, alternations of single lead wide pitch thread 170 andadditional wide pitch thread 171 lie along a proximal portion of screw160 above the distal portion of screw 160 where additional wide pitchthread 171 is not present.

Screw 160 comprises a self-drilling tip 161. The self-drilling tip canhave a cutting edge (shown in FIG. 25) and a following edge 165 thatdefine an angular cavity in self-drilling tip 161 that can serve as astraight flute to expose the cutting edge.

Screw 160 comprises a cylindrical portion 168 between the proximalterminations of single lead wide pitch thread 170 and additional widepitch thread 171 and a circular distal edge of convexly curved distalportion 166 of the head of screw 160. An annular ledge 164 is defined atthe proximal edge of convexly curved distal portion 166 of the head ofscrew 160. In the illustrated embodiment, a cylindrical riser 172 liesproximal to (e.g., above) annular ledge 164, and cylindrical riser 172rises to an upper end surface 162. Upper end surface 162 may be planar.A cavity may be defined in upper end surface 162 to accept a screwdriverfor driving screw 160 into and out of a material, such as bone. Thecavity defined in upper end surface 162 may, for example, bemulti-lobular, polygonal, or multi-slotted.

Single hole locking clip 203 comprises a locking tab 125. Locking tab125 has an underside surface to engage annular ledge 164 of screw 160after screw 160 has been driven far enough to allow locking tab 125 toclear convexly curved distal portion 166 of screw 160. When annularledge 164 is engaged by locking tab 125, screw 160 is prevented frombacking out of hole 42.

FIG. 7 is a cross-section of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system taken alongline D-D of FIG. 1, showing the interference between the protrusions 34of the clamp 30 and the screw 10. As discussed above, the clamp 30 sitswithin the notch and channel 46 of the screw hole 42. The protrusions 34of the clamp prevent the back out of the screw 10. In addition, if screwremoval is necessary, the clamp 30 may be positioned within the notchand channel 46 to position the clamp 30 to facilitate screw removal.Moreover, the protrusions 34 of the clamp need not cover surface 12 ofthe orthopedic screw 10, thus they need not impede access for aninstrument to be positioned to remove the screw 10.

FIG. 8 is a side view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate, clamp,and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system. Orthopedic screws 10,48 can be inserted into the bone (not shown) through screw holes 42 inthe orthopedic plate 40. As discussed above, the conical configurationof the screw head and screw holes allow the screws 10, 48 to be insertedinto the bone either perpendicularly (see screws 10) or at an angle (seescrew 48), while still providing the desired compression.

FIG. 9 is another side view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system. In such anembodiment, the orthopedic plate 40 may be attached to the bone(s) byplacing the plate 40 on the bone and securing the plate 40 to the bonewith a plurality of orthopedic screws 10 through a plurality of holes 42in the plate 40. In another embodiment, the plate 40 may be secured tothe bone with an orthopedic screw 48 in a first hole in the platelocated at one longitudinal end of the plate. After the first screw 48is properly inserted, a traction (or horizontal) force may be applied tothe opposite end of the plate 40. While still applying the tractionforce to the plate 40, the plate 40 may be further secured to the bonewith at least one orthopedic screw 10, here an additional ten screws 10,placed in one or more of the remaining holes 42 of the plate.

FIG. 10 is a top view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate, clamp,and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system. As described above, aplurality of screws 10, 48 can be inserted into the bone (not shown)through screw holes in the orthopedic plate 40. Optional openings 42 inthe plate 40 can provide visual access to the underlying bone. Theprotrusions 34 of clamps 30 cover a portion of the head of screws 10, 48to prevent back out.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an orthopedic plate,clamp, and screw assembly used in a bone fixation system. As discussed,a surface of the orthopedic plate 40 may be curved to complement thenatural curved structure of a bone. The orthopedic screws 10 can beinserted perpendicularly into the bone. The orthopedic screws 48 can beinserted into the bone at an angle. An element such as the clampdescribed above can serve as a locking clip to lock a fastener in place.Thus, the term “locking clip,” as used herein can include embodiments ofthe “clamp” described above. By locking a fastener in place, a lockingclip may provide a clearance to tolerate some amount of micromotionbetween the fastener and the bone, during which the fastener may backout very slightly, but gross backing out of the fastener can beprevented.

FIG. 12 is a plan view diagram illustrating a straight three holelocking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment. Straight threehole locking clip 50 comprises a first substantially straight portion51, a connective portion 52, and a second substantially straight portion53. First substantially straight portion 51 is connected to connectiveportion 52 at junction 60. Second substantially straight portion 53 isconnected to connective portion 52 at junction 61. Connective portion 52serves to maintain a structural relationship between first substantiallystraight portion 51 and second substantially straight portion 53.Connective portion 52 is configured so as not to obstruct a path of ascrew by defining a space 101 through which the screw may pass and wherethe screw head may be situated and retained by straight three holelocking clip 50. In the illustrated embodiment, connective portion 52 isof an arcuate shape defining a semicircular opening through which ascrew may pass. As an example, connective portion 52 may define an innerradius of curvature of at least the radius of a head of a screw to beretained by the central portion of the straight three hole locking clip.

At a medial end of first substantially straight portion 51 is defined alocking tab 54. At a medial end of second substantially straight portion53 is defined a locking tab 55. Locking tab 54 and locking tab 55 areconfigured to oppose one another, for example, to diametrically opposeone another with respect to a diameter of a screw to be retained bylocking tabs 54 and 55.

At a lateral end of first substantially straight portion 51 is defined alocking tab 56. Locking tab 56 is configured to retain a screw to beinstalled lateral to most of first substantially straight portion 51 butwith locking tab 56 overhanging a portion of the head of the screw. At alateral end of second substantially straight portion 53 is defined alocking tab 57. Locking tab 57 is configured to retain a screw to beinstalled lateral to most of second substantially straight portion 53but with locking tab 57 overhanging a portion of the head of the screw.Thus, three screws can be retained using straight three hole lockingclip 50, with one screw retained by locking tabs 54 and 55, anotherscrew retained by locking tab 56, and another screw retained by lockingtab 57.

A first clip tool engagement cavity 58 is defined in first substantiallystraight portion 51. A second clip tool engagement cavity 59 is definedin second substantially straight portion 53. A clip tool, such as aspring clip tool having two prongs, wherein the distance between theprongs can be adjusted, for example, using handles of the tool, can beused to compress or expand straight three hole locking clip 50. Oneprong of the clip tool can be placed in first clip tool engagementcavity 58, the other prong of the clip tool can be placed in second cliptool engagement cavity 59, and the distance between the prongs can beadjusted to bring first substantially straight portion 51 closer to, orfarther from, second substantially straight portion 53. Depending on theflexibility of connective portion 52, the angle between firstsubstantially straight portion 51 and second substantially straightportion can be changed, for example, to be greater or less than an anglein a neutral position of straight three hole locking clip 50, which may,for example, be 180 degrees. Even if connective portion 52 is stiffenough to make any flexure negligible, pressure exerted by prongs of aclip tool in first clip tool engagement cavity 58 and second clip toolengagement cavity 59 can provide a rigid grip of the clip tool onstraight three hole locking clip 50. The clip tool may be used tomaneuver straight three hole locking clip 50 into or out of a recess ina plate, for example, to install or to remove straight three holelocking clip 50 into or out of the plate.

As the prongs of the clip tool may or may not be parallel to oneanother, first clip tool engagement cavity 58 and second clip toolengagement cavity 59 may be cylindrical or may be elongated to define aslot with semicylindrical ends. As an example, a clip tool having oneprong fixedly situated with respect to one handle and another prongfixedly situated with respect to another handle, with the two piecesjoined at a pivot point, may have the prongs extending radially withrespect to the pivot point such that the prongs are not parallel to oneanother. An elongated form of first clip tool engagement cavity 58 andsecond clip tool engagement cavity 59 can accommodate the divergence ofnon-parallel clip tool prongs.

FIG. 13 is a front elevation view diagram illustrating a straight threehole locking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment. Theopposing relationship of locking tabs 54 and 55 can be seen, as can themanner in which locking tabs 54 and 55 overhang space 101 in which ascrew head may be installed. While the flexibility of connective portion52 allows a screw head to displace locking tabs 54 and 55 enough toallow the screw head to pass locking tabs 54 and 55, the spring tensionof connective portion 52 in the displaced state biases locking tabs 54and 55 to return to their neutral positions once the screw head haspassed below the underside surfaces 102 and 103 of locking tabs 54 and55, respectively, to assume the installed position of the screw headbetween wall 108 of first substantially straight portion 51 and wall 109of second substantially straight portion 53. Locking tabs 54 and 55 maybe chamfered, as illustrated by chamfer 104 of locking tab 54 andchamfer 105 of locking tab 55, to translate the downward force of thescrew head against locking tabs 54 and 55 into a lateral spreading forceto displace locking tabs 54 and 55 in opposite directions to allow thescrew head to pass locking tabs 54 and 55.

Locking tabs 56 and 57 define underside surfaces 106 and 107,respectively, which are elevated by walls 110 and 111, respectively. Byproviding a cavity in the plate in which straight three hole lockingclip 50 may be installed that allows straight three hole locking clip 50some freedom to move laterally, three screws can be installedsequentially with the end result that all three screws are retained bythree hole locking clip 50. For example, by translating straight threehole locking clip 50 rightward relative to the view of FIG. 13, lockingtab 56 can be moved out of the path of a first screw to be installedleft of locking tab 56. After installing such first screw, straightthree hole locking clip 50 can be moved leftward relative to the view ofFIG. 13, moving locking tab 56 over the installed screw head and movinglocking tab 57 out of the path of a second screw to be installed to theright of locking tab 57. Then, straight three hole locking clip 50 canbe moved back to a centered position, leaving a portion of locking tab56 extending over the first screw head to retain the first screw headand a portion of locking tab 57 extending over the second screw head toretain the second screw head. Then, a third screw can be installedthrough space 101, displacing locking tabs 54 and 55 in oppositedirections until the third screw head passes below underside surface 102and 103, at which point locking tabs 54 and 55 return to their neutralpositions, retaining the third screw head. With the third screw headinstalled, the sides of the third screw head blocks movement of straightthree hole locking clip 50 to the left or right due to the presence ofwalls 108 and 109, respectively, adjacent to the third screw head.Accordingly, the installed third screw head keeps straight three holelocking clip 50 centered such that locking tab 56 maintains retention ofthe first screw head and locking tab 57 maintains retention of thesecond screw head.

FIG. 14 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating a straight threehole locking clip 50 in accordance with at least one embodiment. Asviewed from the end of first substantially straight portion 51 at whichlocking tab 56 is located, the edge of underside surface 106 of lockingtab 56 and wall 110 are illustrated. A proximal end of connectiveportion 52 is connected to first substantially straight portion 51 atjunction 60.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a straight three holelocking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment. The elementsshown in FIG. 15 are as described in reference to FIGS. 12 through 14above.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking clip is providedfor retaining a fastener in a bone fixation plate. The locking clipcomprises a flexure member and a body member coupled to the flexuremember. The example illustrated in FIG. 15 includes a flexure membercomprising retention portion 52. That example further includes a firstbody member comprising first substantially straight portion 51 and asecond body member comprising second substantially straight portion 53.A body member comprises a locking tab. In the example of FIG. 15, thefirst body member comprises first locking tab 56 and second locking tab54, and the second body member comprises third locking tab 57 and fourthlocking tab 55. A locking tab is configured to provide an axiallimitation to motion of the fastener in a non-rotationally-ratchetingmanner. The flexure member resiliently flexible to permit displacementof the locking tab to allow passage of a fastener head of the fastener.Other examples of flexure members and body members can be seen in otherFIGs. described herein illustrating examples of a locking clip.

FIG. 16 is a plan view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating a straight three hole locking clip in accordance with atleast one embodiment. Plate assembly 64 comprises plate 65 and severalinstalled locking clips. Straight three hole locking clip 50 may beinstalled in plate 65 at a widened end of plate 65. Straight three holelocking clip 50 is shown retaining three screws 10. Straight holelocking clip 50 comprises a locking tab 56 retaining a screw 10 on theleft, locking tabs 54 and 55 retaining a screw 10 in the center, andlocking tab 57 retaining a screw 10 on the right. Locking tab 56 islocated at an outer end of first substantially straight portion 51 ofstraight three hole locking clip 50. Locking tab 54 is located at aninner end of first substantially straight portion 51. Locking tab 55 islocated at an inner end of second substantially straight portion 53 ofstraight three hole locking clip 50. Locking tab 57 is located at anouter end of second substantially straight portion 53. Connectiveportion 52 connects first substantially straight portion 51 to secondsubstantially straight portion 53, meeting first substantially straightportion 51 at junction 60 and meeting second substantially straightportion 53 at junction 61. First clip tool engagement cavity 58 isdefined in first substantially straight portion 51. Second clip toolengagement cavity 59 is defined in second substantially straight portion53.

Three single hole locking clips are also installed in plate 65. A firstsingle hole locking clip comprises a first substantially straightportion 31, a washer 32, and second substantially straight portion 33,with washer 32 connecting first substantially straight portion 31 tosecond substantially straight portion 33 in a manner that affords aspace 191 through which a fastener component, such as an orthopedicscrew, can pass. The space 191 provided by washer 32 can be large enoughnot to obstruct the head of the fastener, while a hole defined in plate65 can be of a smaller diameter to prevent the entire head of thefastener from passing through plate 65, allowing the head of thefastener to exert force against plate 65 to affix plate 65 to boneunderlying plate 65 into which the screw may be threaded.

First substantially straight portion 31 comprises a protrusion 34 thatprotrudes inwardly above the space 191 afforded by washer 32. Secondsubstantially straight portion 33 comprises a protrusion 34 thatprotrudes inwardly above the space afforded by washer 32. Protrusions 34can retain a fastener head, such as a screw head, in space 191.

First substantially straight portion 31 comprises first clip toolengagement cavity 38. Second substantially straight portion 33 comprisessecond clip tool engagement cavity 39. Tips of a clip tool can beinserted in first clip tool engagement cavity 38 and second clip toolengagement cavity 39. By spreading the tips of the clip tool, firstsubstantially straight portion 31 and second substantially straightportion 33 can be spread apart from one another, allowing protrusions 34to be spread apart from one another enough that the fastener head canpass between protrusions 34, allowing the fastener to be removed fromspace 191. A cavity 66 is defined in plate 65 at the outer end of firstsubstantially straight portion 31. A cavity 67 is defined in plate 65 atthe outer end of second substantially straight portion 33. Cavity 66allows for lateral displacement of first substantially straight portion31 either to allow spreading of protrusions 34 as a fastener isinstalled or to allow spreading of protrusions 34 through the use of aclip tool whose tips can be engaged in first clip tool engagement cavity38 and second clip tool engagement cavity 39 for removal of thefastener.

A second single hole locking clip comprises first substantially straightportion 121, second substantially straight portion 123, and connectiveportion 122. Connective portion 122 connects first substantiallystraight portion 121 to second substantially straight portion 123.Connective portion 122 has a shape, such as an arcuate shape, thatdefines a space 192 in which a fastener head, such as a screw head, maybe situated. First substantially straight portion 121 comprises alocking tab 124 at its inner end. Second substantially straight portion123 comprises a locking tab 125 at its inner end, facing locking tab124. A fastener, such as a screw, whose head may be situated in space192 would be retained by locking tabs 124 and 125, preventing thefastener from backing out.

First clip tool engagement cavity 128 is defined in a top surface offirst substantially straight portion 121. Second clip tool engagementcavity 129 is defined in a top surface of second substantially straightportion 123. A clip tool whose tips can be inserted into first clip toolengagement cavity 128 and second clip tool engagement cavity 129 can beused to spread first substantially straight portion 121 and secondsubstantially straight portion 123 apart, causing locking tab 124 to bespread apart from locking tab 125, which can allow a fastener head topass between locking tabs 124 and 125, allowing the fastener to beremoved after installation. Cavity 126 is defined in plate 65 beyond anouter end of first substantially straight portion 121. Cavity 127 isdefined in plate 65 beyond an outer end of second substantially straightportion 123. Cavity 126 provides clearance to allow first substantiallystraight portion 121 to be displaced outwardly, either by a wedgingaction of a fastener head during fastener installation or by a spreadingaction through the use of a clip tool during fastener removal, which canallow the fastener head to pass between locking tab 124 and locking tab125. Cavity 127 provides clearance to allow second substantiallystraight portion 123 to be displaced outwardly in similar circumstances,allowing the fastener head to pass between locking tab 124 and lockingtab 125.

A third single hole locking clip comprises first substantially straightportion 131, connective portion 132, and second substantially straightportion 133. First substantially straight portion 131 comprises lockingtab 134. Second substantially straight portion 133 comprises locking tab135. First clip tool engagement cavity 138 is defined in a top surfaceof first substantially straight portion 131. Second clip tool engagementcavity 139 is defined in a top surface of second substantially straightportion 133. Cavity 136 is defined in plate 65 beyond an outer end offirst substantially straight portion 131. Cavity 137 is defined in plate65 beyond an outer end of second substantially straight portion 133.

FIG. 17 is a plan view diagram illustrating an angled three hole lockingclip in accordance with at least one embodiment. Angled three holelocking clip 70 comprises retention portion 72, first substantiallystraight portion 71, connective portion 83, and second substantiallystraight portion 73. Retention portion 72 extends from an end 82 to ajunction 86 with an inner end of first substantially straight portion71. Connective portion 83 extends from an edge of the inner end of firstsubstantially straight portion 71 opposite junction 86 to junction 81with second substantially straight portion 73.

First substantially straight portion 71 comprises a locking tab 76 atits outer end. Second substantially straight portion 73 comprises alocking tab 77 at its outer end. Second substantially straight portion73 comprises a locking tab 75 at its inner end. While retention portion72 and connective portion 83 may follow similar arcuate contours, firstsubstantially straight portion 71 extends radially outward beyondjunction 80 with the outer arcuate contour along which retention portion72 and connective portion 83 lie. Clip tool engagement cavity 79 isdefined in an upper surface of second substantially straight portion 73.Clip tool engagement cavity 79 allows a tip of a clip tool to beinserted in clip tool engagement cavity 79 to bias second substantiallystraight portion 73 to be translated inwardly or outwardly to provideclearance of a screw head past locking tab 77 or locking tab 75,respectively, so that one or more screws may be removed from theorthopedic plate in which angled three hole locking clip 70 can beinstalled.

First substantially straight portion 71 lies along a first radial axis.Second substantially straight portion 73 lies along a second radialaxis. An angle 85 between the first radial axis and the second radialaxis. Unlike the straight three hole locking clip where thecorresponding angle is 180 degrees, angled three hold locking clip 70has an angle 85 of less than 180 degrees. As an example, angle 85 may bein the range of 10 degrees to 90 degrees. As another example, angle 85may be in the range of 15 degrees to 80 degrees. As another example,angle 85 may be in the range of 20 degrees to 70 degrees. As anotherexample, angle 85 may be in the range of 25 degrees to 60 degrees. Asanother example, angle 85 may be in the range of 30 to 50 degrees.

FIG. 18 is a front elevation view diagram illustrating an angled threehole locking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment. Angledthree hole locking clip 70 comprises retention portion 72 extending fromend 82 to junction 86 with first substantially straight portion 71.

Second substantially straight portion 73 defines a locking tab 75 at itsinner end and a locking tab 77 at its outer end. Locking tab 75comprises a chamfer 145 between its end and its upper surface. Chamfer145 can act as a wedge to interact with a fastener head to force secondsubstantially straight portion 73 to move outwardly to allow thefastener to be installed. Locking tab 75 has an underside surface 143.When locking tab 75 is returned to its normal position, for example, byforce exerted on retention portion 72 by an installed fastener head,underside surface 143 can serve to retain the fastener head and preventthe fastener from backing out. Underside surface 143 of locking tab 75intersects vertical wall 149 of second substantially straight portion73. Locking tab 77 has an underside surface 147. Underside surface 147can retain a fastener at the outer end of second substantially straightportion 73. Underside surface 147 intersects vertical wall 151 of secondsubstantially straight portion 73.

FIG. 19 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating an angled threehole locking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment. Angledthree hole locking clip 70 comprises retention portion 72, ending at end82. Angled three hole locking clip 70 comprises first substantiallystraight portion 71, which extends radially to locking tab 76 at itsoutermost extent. Locking tab 76 has an underside surface 106, which canbear against a portion of a top of a fastener head to retain thefastener head and prevent the fastener from backing out. Undersidesurface 106 intersects vertical wall 110 of first substantially straightportion 71.

First substantially straight portion 71 is joined to secondsubstantially straight portion 73 by connective portion 83. Secondsubstantially straight portion 73 extends inwardly to locking tab 75.Locking tab 75 may comprises chamfer 145. Chamfer 145 can bear against asurface of a fastener head to serve as a wedge to force locking tab 75away from the path of the fastener head to allow installation of thefastener. Locking tab 75 has an underside surface 143, which can bearagainst a portion of a top of a fastener head to retain the fastenerhead and prevent the fastener from backing out. Underside surface 143intersects vertical wall 149 of second substantially straight portion73.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view diagram illustrating an angled three holelocking clip in accordance with at least one embodiment. FIG. 20illustrates elements described above and allows their relationships andrelative elevations to be seen in context. As shown, retention portion72 can be of a lower profile than other portions, such as firstsubstantially straight portion 71, connective portion 83, and secondsubstantially straight portion 73, allowing retention portion 72 to beplaced in a captive relationship with an undercut cavity defined in aplate in which the angled three hole locking clip may be installed. Thecaptive relationship can maintain angled three hole locking clip 70 inthe plate in which it may be installed, avoiding the potential for smallloose parts.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking clip is providedfor retaining a fastener in a bone fixation plate. The locking clipcomprises a flexure member and a body member coupled to the flexuremember. The example illustrated in FIG. 20 includes a flexure membercomprising retention portion 72. That example further includes a firstbody member comprising first substantially straight portion 71 and asecond body member comprising second substantially straight portion 73.A body member comprises a locking tab. In the example of FIG. 20, thefirst body member comprises first locking tab 76, and the second bodymember comprises second locking tab 75 and third locking tab 77. Alocking tab is configured to provide an axial limitation to motion ofthe fastener in a non-rotationally-ratcheting manner. The flexure memberresiliently flexible to permit displacement of the locking tab to allowpassage of a fastener head of the fastener. Other examples of flexuremembers and body members can be seen in other FIGs. described hereinillustrating examples of a locking clip.

FIG. 21 is a plan view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating an angled three hole locking clip in accordance with atleast one embodiment. Plate assembly 84 comprises plate 87 in whichangled three hole locking clip 70 may be installed. Locking tab 75retains a screw 10, while locking tab 76 retains another screw 10, andlocking tab 77 retains yet another screw 10.

FIG. 22 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating locking clips with installed screws in accordance with atleast one embodiment. Plate assembly 201 comprises an orthopedic plate40 and a plurality of screws 10. Orthopedic plate 40 can have installedin it a plurality of clamps 30. Clamps 30, in the form of locking clips,retain screws 10 and prevent screws 10 from backing out once installed.Clamps 30 can comprise locking tabs having underside surfaces to retainscrews 10. Screws 10 have an upper end surface 12, which may define, forexample, a cavity for engagement with a screwdriver, for example, amulti-lobular cavity. Screws 10 also have an annular ledge surface 14,which may be at the same level as upper end surface 12 or at a moredistal level than upper end surface 12. Ledge surface 14 provides anupward facing annular ledge that can bear against the underside surfaceof a locking tab to allow the locking tab to prevent the fastener frombacking out. Screws 10 can have heads with convexly curved distalsurfaces 116, such as a hemispherical distal surface. The convexlycurved distal surfaces 116 of screws 10 can bear upon concavely curvedsurfaces surrounding holes within orthopedic plate 40, allowing screws10 to swivel within orthopedic plate 40 to allow a wide range of anglesof screws 10 relative to orthopedic plate 40. Screws 10 may comprise ashaft 18, which may comprise one or more threaded portions and zero ormore unthreaded portions. Screws 10 may be configured with self-drillingheads 211 to allow screws 10 to drill and tap their own holes withoutthe need for separate drilling and tapping operations.

FIG. 23 is a plan view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating locking clips with installed screws in accordance with atleast one embodiment. Plate assembly 202 comprises orthopedic plate 40.Locking clips can be installed in orthopedic plate 40. The locking clipsretain screws 10 to prevent the screws 10 from backing out once thescrews are installed. Each locking clip comprises a first substantiallystraight portion 251 and a second substantially straight portion 253.The first substantially straight portion 251 can have a first lockingtab 254. The second substantially straight portion 243 can have a secondlocking tab 255. Locking tabs 254 and 255 cooperate to retain the headsof screws 10 within orthopedic plate 40.

Cavities are defined in orthopedic plate 40 to retain the locking clips.The cavities include a circular cavity, such as circular cavities 242,243, and 244. Each of the circular cavities can define a cylindricalportion. An arcuate undercut cavity can be defined adjacent to thecylindrical portion to house a retention portion or connective portionof a locking clip, facilitating retention of the locking clip inorthopedic plate 40. The arcuate undercut cavity can open, on one orboth ends, into one or more cavities defined in orthopedic plate 40 toaccept one or more substantially straight portions of the locking clip.For example, for one locking clip, cavity 206 is defined to accept firstsubstantially straight portion 251, and cavity 207 is defined to acceptsecond substantially straight portion 253. As another example, foranother locking clip, cavity 216 is defined to accept firstsubstantially straight portion 251, and cavity 217 is defined to acceptsecond substantially straight portion 253. As yet another example, foryet another locking clip, cavity 226 is defined to accept firstsubstantially straight portion 251, and cavity 227 is defined to acceptsecond substantially straight portion 253. As a further example, for afurther locking clip, cavity 236 is defined to accept firstsubstantially straight portion 251, and cavity 237 is defined to acceptsecond substantially straight portion 253.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a plate assemblyincorporating locking clips in accordance with at least one embodiment.Plate assembly 261 comprises plate 262 in which a plurality of lockingclips can be installed. Plate 262 extends from a curved end 263 to astraight end 264. A first locking clip may be installed near curved end263 and comprises first substantially straight portion 265, connectiveportion 267, and second substantially straight portion 266. A secondlocking clip and third locking clip can be installed in a side-by-sideconfiguration. The second locking clip comprises first substantiallystraight portion 268, connective portion 270, and second substantiallystraight portion 269. The third locking clip comprises firstsubstantially straight portion 271, connective portion 273, and secondsubstantially straight portion 272. A fourth locking clip comprisesfirst substantially straight portion 274, connective portion 276, andsecond substantially straight portion 275. A fifth locking clipcomprises first substantially straight portion 277, connective portion279, and second substantially straight portion 278. A sixth locking clipcomprises first substantially straight portion 280, connective portion282, and second substantially straight portion 281. A seventh lockingclip comprises first substantially straight portion 283, connectiveportion 285, and second substantially straight portion 284. An eighthlocking clip comprises first substantially straight portion 286,connective portion 288, and second substantially straight portion 287. Aninth locking clip comprises first substantially straight portion 289,connective portion 291, and second substantially straight portion 290. Atenth locking clip comprises first substantially straight portion 292,connective portion 294, and second substantially straight portion 293.An eleventh locking clip comprises first substantially straight portion295, connective portion 297, and second substantially straight portion296. A twelfth locking clip may be installed near straight end 264 andcomprises first substantially straight portion 298, connective portion300, and second substantially straight portion 299.

FIG. 25 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a fully threadedaxially displaced double-lead threaded screw in accordance with at leastone embodiment. The screw 160 of FIG. 25 may be used, for example, as acancellous and cortical screw, for engaging, with its different types ofthreads over different portions of the length of its shaft, differenttypes of bone, such as cancellous bone and cortical bone. The screw 160of FIG. 25 comprises a self-drilling tip 161. The self-drilling tip canhave a cutting edge 163 and a following edge 165 that define an angularcavity in self-drilling tip 161 that can serve as a straight flute toexpose cutting edge 163.

Screw 160 comprises single lead wide pitch thread 170 that begins atthread starting point 177 and continues to thread ending point 186. Asthread starting point 177 can lie along cutting edge 163, self-drillingtip 161 can serve as a self-tapping tip as well as a self-drilling tip.Self-drilling tip 161 can both drill a hole for the shaft of screw 160and cut a helical groove for single lead wide pitch thread 170 toengage. Along a distal portion of the shaft of screw 160, single leadwide pitch thread 170 form a single helix where the pitch is sufficientto accommodate the width of an additional thread of the same pitchbetween adjacent turns of single lead wide pitch thread 170. However,over the distal portion, the additional thread is absent. Instead, thecylindrically helical unthreaded portion of the shaft exists betweenadjacent turns of the single lead wide pitch thread 170 over the distalportion of screw 160.

Above the distal portion of screw 160, a thread-cutting edge 173 ofadditional wide pitch thread 171 lies between adjacent turns of singlelead wide pitch thread 170. Additional wide pitch thread 171 forms ahelix whose turns lie between the turns of single lead wide pitch thread170 along the same axis as single lead wide pitch thread 170. Thus,alternations of single lead wide pitch thread 170 and additional widepitch thread 171 lie along a proximal portion of screw 160 above thedistal portion of screw 160. Single lead wide pitch thread 170 continuesuntil thread termination 186. Additional wide pitch thread 171 continuesuntil thread termination 175. In the illustrated embodiment, threadtermination 186 and thread termination 175 lie at the same distancealong the shaft of screw 160 (e.g., at the same distance from annularledge 164, and, e.g., at the same distance from self-drilling tip 161).

Proximal to (e.g., above) the proximal portion of the shaft of screw 160where single lead wide pitch thread 170 and additional wide pitch thread171 are located, a cylindrical portion 168 of screw 160 may be located.In accordance with other embodiments, cylindrical portion 168 may beomitted. Proximal to (e.g., above) cylindrical portion 168 of screw 160or the proximal portion of the shaft of screw 160, a transitionalportion 187 transitioning to a convexly curved distal portion 166 of ahead of screw 160 may be located. In accordance with other embodiments,transitional portion 187 may be omitted. Proximal to (e.g., above)transitional portion 187 or cylindrical portion 168 or the proximalportion of the shaft of screw 160, convexly curved distal portion 166 ofthe head of screw 160 is located. An annular ledge 164 is defined at theproximal edge of convexly curved distal portion 166 of the head of screw160. In the illustrated embodiment, a cylindrical riser 172 liesproximal to (e.g., above) annular ledge 164, and cylindrical riser 172rises to an upper end surface 162. Upper end surface 162 may be planar.A cavity may be defined in upper end surface 162 to accept a screwdriverfor driving screw 160 into and out of a material, such as bone. Thecavity defined in upper end surface 162 may, for example, bemulti-lobular, polygonal, or multi-slotted. Annular ledge 164 may be atthe same level as upper end surface 162, obviating cylindrical riser172, or at a more distal level than upper end surface 162 by virtue ofthe translational displacement along the axis of screw 160 provided bycylindrical riser 172.

The absence of projections, such as ratchet teeth, extending outwardlyfrom cylindrical riser 172 helps prevent a locking clip engaging annularledge 164 from acting as a pawl and inhibiting rotation of screw 160. Asrotation of screw 160 does not result in rotational ratcheting, screw160 can cooperate with a locking clip having a locking tab to ensure thelocking tab is configured to provide an axial limitation to motion ofthe fastener in a non-rotationally-ratcheting manner. The axiallimitation is provided by the locking tab being displaced outwardly fromthe axis of screw 160 by a wedging action of convexly curved distalportion 166 of the head of screw 160 as the screw is driven into bone.As screw 160 is driven further into bone, the locking clip clearsconvexly curved distal portion 166 and the radially relieved annular gapdefined by annular ledge 164 allows the locking tab to snap into thegap.

By constructing the locking clip of a material exhibiting elasticity,the locking clip provides a spring feature to bias the locking cliptoward its neutral form when displaced by force, such as the wedgingforce of convexly curved distal portion 166. Such elasticity of thematerial of the locking clip allows the locking clip to be resilientlyflexible, as flexure of the locking clip can occur but the locking clipwill tend to spring back to its neutral form when a displacing forceceases. When screw 160 is driven sufficiently to clear convexly curveddistal portion 166, and the spring feature causes the spring clip tosnap back to its neutral form over annular ledge 164, at least a portionof the energy stored according to the spring feature of the locking clipcan be released in the form of an impulse of mechanical energy. Theimpulse of mechanical energy can result in some momentary resonance ofthe mechanical structures, such as the locking clip, screw 160, or thelocking plate, to produce a brief mechanical vibration. The briefmechanical vibration may interact with air molecules to produce a briefsound, such as a click. Thus, the snapping action can provide an audibleindication, a tactile indication, or both an audible and tactileindication that the locking clip has engaged screw 160 to provide axiallimitation of motion of screw 160.

The axial limitation of motion is provided by at least one locking tabof a locking clip situated, in an engaged relationship with screw 160,to bear upon annular ledge 164 of screw 160. Depending on an amount ofmicromotion between screw 160 and the bone into which it is driven thatmay be desired or a preference to avoid such micromotion, an extent towhich the at least one locking tab of the locking clip bears uponannular ledge 164 of screw 160 can be controlled. As one example, screw160 can be driven past the point at which the at least one locking tabof the locking clip engages annular ledge 164 to allow for some amountof micromotion, as screw 160 can be provided freedom to back outslightly until annular ledge 164 of screw 160 solidly bears upon annularledge 164. As another example, screw 160 can be driven to the point atwhich the at least one locking tab engages annular ledge 164 but nofurther, resulting in the at least one locking tab resting on but notbearing forcibly against annular ledge 164. As a further example, screw160 can be driven to the point at which the at least one locking tabengages annular ledge 164 and then driven in reverse to cause the atleast one locking tab to forcibly bear against annular ledge 164,effectively securing screw 160 in a fixed relationship to the lockingclip and the plate in which it is installed and inhibiting micromotion.

As the at least one locking tab bears against a portion of screw 160 ina direction parallel to the axis of screw 160, the at least one lockingtab provides axial limitation to the motion of screw 160. As the atleast one locking tab does not bear against a portion of screw 160 in adirection tangential to the axis of screw 160, as would be the case witha rotational ratchet and pawl arrangement, the at least one locking tabdoes not provide direct rotational limitation of the motion of screw160. Rather, any effective rotational limitation to the motion of screw160 provided by the at least one locking tab is entirely indirect,solely as a consequence of the ramped nature of the screw threads ofscrew 160, and the direct limitation to the motion of screw 160 is anaxial limitation.

The non-rotationally-ratcheting manner of providing axial limitation tothe motion of screw 160, the selectable allowance or inhibition ofmicromotion, and the audible indication, tactile indication, or audibleand tactile indication of engagement of a locking clip with screw 160are described with respect to screw 160 but are not limited solely toscrew 160 and a locking clip used in conjunction with screw 160. Rather,such features may be provided with other embodiments of screws and clipsas disclosed herein, including, but not limited to, specific illustratedembodiments of screws and clips.

As thread starting point 177 forms a single lead and thread startingpoint 177 and thread cutting edge 173 together form a double lead, screw160 is a single lead screw along the distal portion of its shaft and isa double lead screw along the proximal portion of its shaft. The singlelead wide pitch thread 170 can provide compatibility with less densematerials, such as cancellous bone, while the combination of the singlelead wide pitch thread 170 and the additional wide pitch thread 171 canprovide compatibility with denser materials, such as cortical bone.Thus, screw 160 can provide cancellous bone and cortical bonecompatibility in a single screw.

FIG. 26 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a fully threadedcortical screw in accordance with at least one embodiment. The screw 180of FIG. 26 may be used, for example, as a cortical screw, for engaging auniform type of material, such as cortical bone, along the length of itsshaft. The screw 180 of FIG. 26 comprises a self-drilling tip 161. Theself-drilling tip can have a cutting edge 163 and a following edge 165that define an angular cavity in self-drilling tip 161 that can serve asa straight flute to expose cutting edge 163.

Screw 180 comprises wide pitch thread 174 that begins at thread startingpoint 177 and continues to thread ending point 186 and wide pitch thread188 that begins at thread starting point 189 and continues to threadending point 175. As thread starting point 177 and thread starting point189 can lie along cutting edge 163, self-drilling tip 161 can serve as aself-tapping tip as well as a self-drilling tip. Self-drilling tip 161can both drill a hole for the shaft of screw 180 and cut a first helicalgroove for wide pitch thread 174 to engage and a second helical groovefor wide pitch thread 188 to engage. Wide pitch thread 174 and widepitch thread 188 form two helices of the same pitch around the same axisof the shaft of screw 180 but with different thread timing. Asillustrated, the thread timing can be 180 degrees, maintainingdiametrical separation of the two helices. Thus, alternations of widepitch thread 174 and wide pitch thread 188 lie along substantially theentire shaft of screw 180. Wide pitch thread 174 continues until threadtermination 186. Wide pitch thread 188 continues until threadtermination 175. In the illustrated embodiment, thread termination 186and thread termination 175 lie at the same distance along the shaft ofscrew 180 (e.g., at the same distance from annular ledge 164, and, e.g.,at the same distance from self-drilling tip 161).

Proximal to (e.g., above) the portion of the shaft of screw 180 wherewide pitch thread 174 and wide pitch thread 188 are located, acylindrical portion 168 of screw 180 may be located. In accordance withother embodiments, cylindrical portion 168 may be omitted. Proximal to(e.g., above) cylindrical portion 168 of screw 180 or the proximalportion of the shaft of screw 180, a transitional portion 187transitioning to a convexly curved distal portion 166 of a head of screw180 may be located. In accordance with other embodiments, transitionalportion 187 may be omitted. Proximal to (e.g., above) transitionalportion 187 or cylindrical portion 168 or the proximal portion of theshaft of screw 180, convexly curved distal portion 166 of the head ofscrew 180 is located. An annular ledge 164 is defined at the proximaledge of convexly curved distal portion 166 of the head of screw 180. Inthe illustrated embodiment, a cylindrical riser 172 lies proximal to(e.g., above) annular ledge 164, and cylindrical riser 172 rises to anupper end surface 162. Upper end surface 162 may be planar. A cavity maybe defined in upper end surface 162 to accept a screwdriver for drivingscrew 180 into and out of a material, such as bone. The cavity definedin upper end surface 162 may, for example, be multi-lobular, polygonal,or multi-slotted. Annular ledge 164 may be at the same level as upperend surface 162, obviating cylindrical riser 172, or at a more distallevel than upper end surface 162 by virtue of the translationaldisplacement along the axis of screw 180 provided by cylindrical riser172.

As thread starting point 177 and thread starting point 189 together forma double lead, screw 180 is a double lead screw along substantially theentire length of its shaft. The wide pitch thread 174 interleaved withwide pitch thread 188 can provide compatibility with denser materials,such as cortical bone. Thus, screw 180 can provide cortical bonecompatibility along substantially its entire length.

FIG. 27 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a partially threadedcortical screw in accordance with at least one embodiment. The screw 200of FIG. 27 may be used, for example, as a cortical screw, for engaging auniform type of material, such as cortical bone, along a threadedportion 185 of the length of its shaft. The screw 200 of FIG. 27comprises a self-drilling tip 161. The self-drilling tip can have acutting edge 163 and a following edge 165 that define an angular cavityin self-drilling tip 161 that can serve as a straight flute to exposecutting edge 163.

Screw 200 comprises wide pitch thread 176 that begins at thread startingpoint 177 and continues to thread ending point 186 and wide pitch thread190 that begins at thread starting point 189 and continues to threadending point 175. As thread starting point 177 and thread starting point189 can lie along cutting edge 163, self-drilling tip 161 can serve as aself-tapping tip as well as a self-drilling tip. Self-drilling tip 161can both drill a hole for the shaft of screw 200 and cut a first helicalgroove for wide pitch thread 176 to engage and a second helical groovefor wide pitch thread 190 to engage. Wide pitch thread 176 and widepitch thread 190 form two helices of the same pitch around the same axisof the shaft of screw 200 but with different thread timing. Asillustrated, the thread timing can be 180 degrees, maintainingdiametrical separation of the two helices. Thus, alternations of widepitch thread 176 and wide pitch thread 190 lie along a distal portionshaft of screw 200. Wide pitch thread 176 continues until threadtermination 186. Wide pitch thread 190 continues until threadtermination 175. In the illustrated embodiment, thread termination 186and thread termination 175 lie at the same distance along the shaft ofscrew 200 (e.g., at the same distance from annular ledge 164, and, e.g.,at the same distance from self-drilling tip 161).

Proximal to (e.g., above) the distal portion of the shaft of screw 200where wide pitch thread 176 and wide pitch thread 190 are located, anunthreaded cylindrical portion 181 of the shaft of screw 200 may belocated. An annular boundary 193 lies between the distal portion of theshaft of screw 200 where wide pitch thread 176 and wide pitch thread 190are located and unthreaded cylindrical portion 181. Proximal to (e.g.,above) unthreaded cylindrical portion 181 of screw 200, a transitionalportion 178 transitioning to a convexly curved distal portion 166 of ahead of screw 200 may be located. Transitional portion 178 may beconnected to unthreaded cylindrical portion 181 at annular junction 179.In accordance with other embodiments, transitional portion 178 may beomitted. Proximal to (e.g., above) transitional portion 178 orunthreaded cylindrical portion 181, convexly curved distal portion 166of the head of screw 180 is located. An annular ledge is defined at theproximal edge of convexly curved distal portion 166 of the head of screw200. In the illustrated embodiment, the annular ledge 184 lies at thesame level as upper end surface 182. A cavity may be defined in upperend surface 182 to accept a screwdriver for driving screw 200 into andout of a material, such as bone. The cavity defined in upper end surface182 may, for example, be multi-lobular, polygonal, or multi-slotted. Inaccordance with another embodiment, a cylindrical riser lies proximal to(e.g., above) annular ledge 184, and the cylindrical riser rises to anupper end surface 182. Upper end surface 182 may be planar. Annularledge 184 may be at a more distal level than upper end surface 182 byvirtue of the translational displacement along the axis of screw 200provided by cylindrical riser 172.

As thread starting point 177 and thread starting point 189 together forma double lead, screw 200 is a double lead screw along substantially theentire length of the threaded portion 185 of its shaft. The wide pitchthread 174 interleaved with wide pitch thread 188 can providecompatibility with denser materials, such as cortical bone. Thus, screw200 can provide cortical bone compatibility along substantially theentire length of the threaded portion 185 of its shaft.

In accordance with other embodiments, threaded portion 185 may bethreaded with a single lead thread of wide pitch, for example, toprovide compatibility with less dense material, such as cancellous bone.As another example, threaded portion 185 may span a more proximalportion of the shaft of screw 200. As another example, multiple threadedportions may exist along different portions of the shaft of screw 200.As examples, two or more threaded portions both may be single leadthreads or double lead threads, or one threaded portion may have asingle lead thread while another threaded portion may have a double leadthread. The pitch of two or more threaded portions may be the same ordifferent. As examples, a distal threaded portion may have a greaterpitch and a proximal threaded portion may have a lesser pitch to providetension along the shaft of screw 200 or a distal threaded portion mayhave a lesser pitch and a proximal threaded portion may have a greaterpitch to provide compression along the shaft of screw 200.

FIG. 28 is a front elevation view diagram illustrating a single holelocking clip with clip tool engagement cavities in accordance with atleast one embodiment. Single hole locking clip 203 comprises firstsubstantially straight portion 121, connective portion 122, and secondsubstantially straight portion 123. First substantially straight portion121 extends radially outward from locking tab 124 at its inner end toouter face 312 at its outer end. Second substantially straight portion123 extends radially outward from locking tab 125 at its inner end toouter face 313 at its outer end.

Locking tab 124 has an upper surface 318 and an underside surface 302.Locking tab 125 has an upper surface 319 and an underside surface 303.Connective portion 122 has an upper surface 321 and a lower surface 322.As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the lower surface 322 ofconnective portion 122 may be at substantially the same level as lowersurface 325 of first substantially straight portion 121 and lowersurface 326 of second substantially straight portion 123. As uppersurface 321 of connective portion 122 can be at a lower level than uppersurface 318 of locking tab 124 and upper surface 319 of locking tab 125,connective portion 122 can be situated low enough and can have a heightthin enough to allow connective portion 122 to be recessed within acavity undercut from the interior of a circular cavity for receiving thehead of a screw within an orthopedic plate.

Locking tab 124 may or may not have a chamfered or radiused upper inwardedge 304, which can act as a wedge to cooperate with a conical or curveddistal portion of a head of a screw to laterally displace locking tab124 to allow the head of the screw to pass by locking tab 124. Lockingtab 125 may or may not have a chamfered or radiused upper inward edge305, which can act as a wedge to cooperate with a conical or curveddistal portion of a head of a screw to laterally displace locking tab125 to allow the head of the screw to pass by locking tab 125. After thehead of the screw has passed below locking tabs 124 and 125, lockingtabs 124 and 125 can return to their neutral positions as urged by theflexure of connective portion 122.

Underside surface 302 of locking tab 124 intersects vertical wall 308 offirst substantially straight portion 121. Underside surface 303 oflocking tab 125 intersects vertical wall 309 of second substantiallystraight portion 123. Once the head of a screw has passed below lockingtabs 124 and 125, the head of the screw can be retained between verticalwall 308 of first substantially straight portion 121 and vertical wall309 of second substantially straight portion 123, beneath undersidesurface 302 of locking tab 124 and underside surface 303 of locking tab125, within the inner radius of connective portion 122.

The upper surface 314 of first substantially straight portion 121 can beangled downward in an outward direction. As shown in the embodiment ofFIG. 28, upper surface 318 of locking tab 124 can be level (e.g.,parallel to lower surface 325 of first substantially straight portion121 until edge 316, beyond which in an outward direction upper surface314 of first substantially straight portion 121 slopes downward,reducing the thickness of first substantially straight portion 121 inthe radially outward direction. Upper surface 314 meets outer face 312of first substantially straight portion 121 along edge 323. Edge 323 maybe chamfered or radiused.

The upper surface 315 of second substantially straight portion 123 canbe angled downward in an outward direction. As shown in the embodimentof FIG. 28, upper surface 319 of locking tab 125 can be level (e.g.,parallel to lower surface 326 of second substantially straight portion123 until edge 317, beyond which in an outward direction upper surface315 of second substantially straight portion 123 slopes downward,reducing the thickness of second substantially straight portion 123 inthe radially outward direction. Upper surface 315 meets outer face 313of second substantially straight portion 123 along edge 324. Edge 324may be chamfered or radiused.

FIG. 29 is a side elevation view diagram illustrating a single holelocking clip with clip tool engagement cavities in accordance with atleast one embodiment. FIG. 29 shows elements of single hole locking clip203 as shown in FIG. 28. FIG. 29 also shows first clip tool engagementcavity 128 defined in first substantially straight portion 121. FIG. 29further shown junction 320 between first substantially straight portion121 and connective portion 122.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a single hole lockingclip with clip tool engagement cavities in accordance with at least oneembodiment. FIG. 30 shows elements of single hole locking clip 203 asshown in FIGS. 28 and 29. FIG. 30 also shows second clip tool engagementcavity 129 defined in upper surface 315 of second substantially straightportion 123. First clip tool engagement cavity 128 as defined in uppersurface 314 of first substantially straight portion 121 is also visiblein FIG. 30. FIG. 30 further shows space 301 defined inside of the innerradius of connective portion 122 and between vertical wall 308 of firstsubstantially straight portion 121 and vertical wall 309 of secondsubstantially straight portion 123 beneath underside surface 302 oflocking tab 304 and underside surface 303 of locking tab 305.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking clip is providedfor retaining a fastener in a bone fixation plate. The locking clipcomprises a flexure member and a body member coupled to the flexuremember. The example illustrated in FIG. 30 includes a flexure membercomprising connective portion 122. That example further includes a firstbody member comprising first substantially straight portion 121 and asecond body member comprising second substantially straight portion 123.A body member comprises a locking tab. In the example of FIG. 30, thefirst body member comprises locking tab 124, and the second body membercomprises locking tab 125. A locking tab is configured to provide anaxial limitation to motion of the fastener in anon-rotationally-ratcheting manner. The flexure member resilientlyflexible to permit displacement of the locking tab to allow passage of afastener head of the fastener. Other examples of flexure members andbody members can be seen in other FIGs. described herein illustratingexamples of a locking clip.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking clip comprises asingle locking tab for retaining a single fastener. In accordance withat least one embodiment, a locking clip comprises two locking tabs forretaining a single fastener. In accordance with at least one embodiment,a locking clip comprises at least a first locking tab for retaining afirst fastener and at least a second locking tab for retaining a secondfastener. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the locking clipcomprises at least a first locking tab for retaining a first fastener,at least a second locking tab for retaining a second fastener, and atleast a third locking tab for retaining a third fastener. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, a flexure member is an arcuate flexuremember. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking clip isconfigured to provide a discernable indication of the locking tablocking a fastener head selected from a group consisting of a tactileindication and an audible indication.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a bone fixation plateassembly for receiving a fastener is provided. The bone fixation plateassembly comprises a bone fixation plate and a locking clip. The lockingclip comprises a body member. The body member comprises a locking tab.The locking clip has a flexure member situated in a clip cavity of theplate. The locking tab is configured to provide an axial limitation tomotion of the fastener in a non-rotationally-ratcheting manner. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the flexure member isresiliently flexible to permit displacement of the locking tab to allowpassage of a fastener head of the fastener. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, a clip tool engagement cavity is defined in the bodymember, wherein a side wall defining a lateral extent of the clip toolengagement cavity is configured to facilitate application of lateralforce using a clip tool to translate the body member. In accordance withat least one embodiment, the clip cavity is defined peripheral to afastener head cavity defined in the plate, the fastener head cavityconfigured to receive a fastener head of the fastener. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the flexure member is an arcuate flexuremember. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the locking clip isconfigured to provide a discernable indication of the locking tablocking a fastener head selected from a group consisting of a tactileindication and an audible indication.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking fastener assemblycomprises a fastener having an exterior wedging surface of varyingexterior diameter over a fastener wedging portion length and a lockingring having an interior wedging surface of varying interior diameterover a locking ring wedging surface length, the exterior wedging surfaceand the interior wedging surface adapted to radially expand the lockingring upon installation of the fastener. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the exterior wedging surface is a frustoconical exteriorwedging surface. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theinterior wedging surface is a frustoconical interior wedging surface. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the locking ring has a convexlycurved exterior locking ring surface. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the convexly curved exterior locking ring surface is apartially spherical exterior surface. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the fastener comprises a flange of larger diameter than alargest diameter of the varying exterior diameter adjacent to thelargest diameter of the varying exterior diameter of the exteriorwedging surface. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theexterior wedging surface and the interior wedging surface havecooperative longitudinally features defined thereon to inhibit relativerotation.

FIGS. 31-35 illustrate an embodiment of a locking fastener assembly. Theillustrated embodiment of the locking fastener assembly comprises afastener having an exterior wedging surface of varying exterior diameterover a fastener wedging portion length and a locking ring having aninterior wedging surface of varying interior diameter over a lockingring wedging surface length. The exterior wedging surface and theinterior wedging surface are adapted to radially expand the locking ringupon installation of the fastener. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the exterior wedging surface is a frustoconical exteriorwedging surface. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theinterior wedging surface is a frustoconical interior wedging surface. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the locking ring has a convexlycurved exterior locking ring surface. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the convexly curved exterior locking ring surface is apartially spherical exterior surface. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the fastener comprises a flange of larger diameter than alargest diameter of the varying exterior diameter adjacent to thelargest diameter of the varying exterior diameter of the exteriorwedging surface. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theexterior wedging surface and the interior wedging surface havecooperative longitudinally features defined thereon to inhibit relativerotation.

FIG. 31 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a screw for a lockingscrew assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. Screw 360 isillustrated and described below as a fully threaded axially displaceddouble-lead threaded screw in accordance with at least one embodiment.However, other embodiments, such as a fully threaded cortical screw, apartially threaded cortical screw, and a partially threaded axiallydisplaced double-lead threaded screw may be practiced, for example,according to the thread patterns of the screws of FIGS. 25-27 andvariations thereof. The screw 360 of FIG. 31 may be used, for example,as a cancellous and cortical screw, for engaging, with its differenttypes of threads over different portions of the length of its shaft,different types of bone, such as cancellous bone and cortical bone. Thescrew 360 of FIG. 31 comprises a self-drilling tip 361. Theself-drilling tip can have a cutting edge 363 and a following edge 365that define an angular cavity in self-drilling tip 361 that can serve asa straight flute to expose cutting edge 363.

Screw 360 comprises single lead wide pitch thread 370 that begins atthread starting point 377 and continues to thread ending point 386. Asthread starting point 377 can lie along cutting edge 363, self-drillingtip 361 can serve as a self-tapping tip as well as a self-drilling tip.Self-drilling tip 361 can both drill a hole for the shaft of screw 360and cut a helical groove for single lead wide pitch thread 370 toengage. Along a distal portion of the shaft of screw 360, single leadwide pitch thread 370 form a single helix where the pitch is sufficientto accommodate the width of an additional thread of the same pitchbetween adjacent turns of single lead wide pitch thread 370. However,over the distal portion, the additional thread is absent. Instead, thecylindrically helical unthreaded portion of the shaft exists betweenadjacent turns of the single lead wide pitch thread 370 over the distalportion of screw 360.

Above the distal portion of screw 360, a thread-cutting edge 373 ofadditional wide pitch thread 371 lies between adjacent turns of singlelead wide pitch thread 370. Additional wide pitch thread 371 forms ahelix whose turns lie between the turns of single lead wide pitch thread370 along the same axis as single lead wide pitch thread 370. Thus,alternations of single lead wide pitch thread 370 and additional widepitch thread 371 lie along a proximal portion of screw 360 above thedistal portion of screw 360. Single lead wide pitch thread 370 continuesuntil thread termination 386. Additional wide pitch thread 371 continuesuntil thread termination 375. In the illustrated embodiment, threadtermination 386 and thread termination 375 lie at the same distancealong the shaft of screw 360 (e.g., at the same distance from annularledge 364, and, e.g., at the same distance from self-drilling tip 361).

Proximal to (e.g., above) the proximal portion of the shaft of screw 360where single lead wide pitch thread 370 and additional wide pitch thread371 are located, a cylindrical portion 368 of screw 360 may be located.In accordance with other embodiments, cylindrical portion 368 may beomitted. Proximal to (e.g., above) cylindrical portion 368 of screw 360or the proximal portion of the shaft of screw 360, a transitionalportion 387 transitioning to a frustoconical distal portion 353 of ahead of screw 360 may be located. Annular boundary 346 lies betweencylindrical portion 368 and transition portion 387. Annular boundary 344lies between transition portion 387 and frustoconical distal portion353. In accordance with other embodiments, transitional portion 387 maybe omitted. Proximal to (e.g., above) transitional portion 387 orcylindrical portion 368 or the proximal portion of the shaft of screw360, frustoconical distal portion 353 of the head of screw 360 islocated. An upper edge of frustoconical distal portion 353 meets lowerannular ledge 354 of flange 403. Lower annular ledge extends circularlyoutward from frustoconical distal portion 353 to a lower circular edgeof flange 403. Cylindrical surface 355 of flange 403 extends upward toan upper circular edge of flange 403. Upper annular ledge 364 of flange403 extends circularly inward from the upper circular edge of flange403. In the illustrated embodiment, a cylindrical riser 372 liesproximal to (e.g., above) upper annular ledge 364. Thus, an innercircular edge of upper annular ledge 364 meets a lower circular edge ofcylindrical riser 372. Cylindrical riser 372 rises to an upper endsurface 362. Upper end surface 362 may be planar. A cavity may bedefined in upper end surface 362 to accept a screwdriver for drivingscrew 360 into and out of a material, such as bone. The cavity definedin upper end surface 362 may, for example, be multi-lobular, polygonal,or multi-slotted. Upper annular ledge 364 may be at the same level asupper end surface 362, obviating cylindrical riser 372, or at a moredistal level than upper end surface 362 by virtue of the translationaldisplacement along the axis of screw 360 provided by cylindrical riser372.

As thread starting point 377 forms a single lead and thread startingpoint 377 and thread cutting edge 373 together form a double lead, screw360 is a single lead screw along the distal portion of its shaft and isa double lead screw along the proximal portion of its shaft. The singlelead wide pitch thread 370 can provide compatibility with less densematerials, such as cancellous bone, while the combination of the singlelead wide pitch thread 370 and the additional wide pitch thread 371 canprovide compatibility with denser materials, such as cortical bone.Thus, screw 360 can provide cancellous bone and cortical bonecompatibility in a single screw. As noted above, other embodiments withother thread configurations can provide a single type of such two typesof bone compatibility or other types of bone compatibility.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a locking ring for alocking screw assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.Locking ring 352 can have a split ring configuration, wherein gap 359 isdefined between substantially radial planar surfaces having proximaledges 391 and 392 and distal edges 367 and 369. Locking ring 352 canhave a convexly curved exterior surface 366. The convexly curvedexterior surface 366 extends from a annular upper surface 399 at outercircular edge 358 downward to a hole defined in a distal portion oflocking ring 352 or, alternatively, to a surface situated between alower edge of convexly curved exterior surface 366 and the hole definedin the distal portion of locking ring 352. Such a surface may, forexample, be a circular flat surface or another type of surface. If sucha surface is a circular flat surface, it may, for example, be parallelto annular upper surface 399. According to at least one embodiment,convexly curved exterior surface 366 can be an approximatelyhemispherical exterior surface. Convexly curved exterior surface 366 canbe considered a distal surface relative to the more proximal annularupper surface 399. Convexly curved exterior surface 366 is alignedaxially with an axis of locking ring 352.

Annular upper surface 399 may, for example, be a flat annular uppersurface. Annular upper surface 399 extends circularly inward from outercircular edge 358 to inner circular edge 357. A frustoconical interiorsurface 356 of locking ring 352 is aligned axially with the axis oflocking ring 352. Frustoconical interior surface 356 defines afrustoconical cavity in locking ring 352. The frustoconical cavity opensinto a hole in the distal portion of locking ring 352. The frustoconicalcavity is aligned axially with the axis of locking ring 352. Theproximal diameter of frustoconical interior surface 356 is larger thanthe distal diameter of frustoconical interior surface 356.

FIG. 33 is a plan view diagram illustrating a locking ring for a lockingscrew assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. Locking ring352 has an annular upper surface 399 extending from outer circular edge358 circularly inward to inner circular edge 357. From inner circularedge 357, frustoconical interior surface 356 extends distally to distalcircular edge 350 of frustoconical interior surface 356. Distal circularedge 350 defines the distal edge of a distal axial hole at the distalend of the frustoconical cavity defined in locking ring 352 byfrustoconical interior surface 356. The distal axial hole, a proximalaxial hole of larger diameter than the distal axial hole, and thefrustoconical cavity between the distal axial hole and the proximalaxial hole provide a space 401 in which frustoconical distal portion 353of screw 360 may be inserted. The frustoconical exterior offrustoconical distal portion 353 of screw 360 can engage thefrustoconical interior of frustoconical interior surface 356 of lockingring 352. Axial motion of screw 360 relative to locking ring 352 canprovide a wedging action to exert force radially against frustoconicalinterior surface 356 to expand locking ring 352 to lock screw 360 inposition relative to a concavely curved cavity in an orthopedic plate inwhich a screw assembly comprising screw 360 and locking ring 352 areinstalled.

Locking ring 352 can be of a split ring configuration. Locking ring 352need not be circularly continuous but can be interrupted by a gap 359 toform a “C” shape, as shown in FIG. 33. Gap 359 may be in the form, forexample, of a slit. The slit may, for example, be defined by parallelsurfaces. As an example, the surfaces may be substantially radial to anaxis of locking ring 352. Alternatively, the slit may be defined with adifferent orientation, which may, for example, be skewed relative to theaxis of locking ring 352. The surfaces that define the slit may, asexamples, be planar or non-planar.

In the illustrated example, gap 359 is defined by a first surface havingproximal edge 391, from outer proximal corner 341 to inner proximalcorner 393, and interior edge 397 from inner proximal corner 393 toinner distal corner 395, and by a second surface having proximal edge392, from outer proximal corner 342 to inner proximal corner 394, andinterior edge 398 from inner proximal corner 394 to inner distal corner396.

FIG. 34 is an elevation view diagram illustrating a locking screwassembly in an unlocked configuration in accordance with at least oneembodiment. Locking screw assembly 402 comprises screw 360 and lockingring 352. As shown in FIG. 34, in an unlocked configuration, lockingring 352 is situated around screw 360 at a more distal position of arange of axial positions. The more distal position minimizes engagementof frustoconical portion 353 of screw 360 with frustoconical interiorsurface 356 of locking ring 352, maintaining locking ring in asubstantially neutral configuration having a relatively smallerdiameter. As will be shown in FIG. 35, screw 360 can force locking ringto a more proximal position, whereupon engagement of frustoconicalportion 353 of screw 360 with frustoconical interior surface 356 oflocking ring applies radially outward force to locking ring 352,expanding locking ring to a forcefully displaced configuration having arelatively larger diameter. As an example, screw 360 and locking ring352 can be said to telescopingly engage one another.

In the illustrated example, annular gap 404 exists between annular uppersurface 399 of locking ring 352 and lower annular ledge 354 of theflange 403 of screw 360. An upper portion of frustoconical portion 353of screw 360 can be seen through annular gap 404. Annular gap 404 can beconfigured to be thinner than a thickness of a locking tab, such aslocking tabs 124 and 125 of FIG. 28, allowing a locking clip, such assingle hole locking clip 203 of FIG. 28 or a multiple hole locking clipto be used with locking screw assembly 402 without the locking tabsgetting caught in annular gap 404. A lower portion of frustoconicalportion 353 of screw 360 can be seen through an upper portion of gap359. A portion of annular boundaries 344 and 346, as well as a portionof transition portion 387, of screw 360 can be seen through a centralportion of gap 359. A portion of cylindrical portion 368 can be seenthrough a lower portion of gap 359. As can be seen from the example ofFIG. 34, a diameter of outer circular edge 358, when expanded by awedging action of frustoconical portion 353 of screw 360 againstfrustoconical interior surface 356 of locking ring 352, can besubstantially the same as a diameter of cylindrical surface 355,allowing a smooth transition between the profile of convexly curvedexterior surface 366 and the profile of flange 403 when locking screwassembly 402 is in a locked configuration, as will be discussed below inreference to FIG. 35.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view diagram illustrating a locking screwassembly in a locked configuration in accordance with at least oneembodiment. Locking screw assembly 402 is shown in FIG. 35 with lockingring 352 driven axially upward relative to screw 360 until annular uppersurface 399 is near or in contact with lower annular ledge 354 of flange403 of screw 360. A portion of frustoconical distal portion 353 of screw360 can be seen through an upper portion of gap 359. A portion ofannular boundary 344 and transition portion 387 can be seen through alower portion of gap 359. The illustrated example of locking ring 352has a distal circular edge 350 where convexly curved exterior surface366 meets frustoconical interior surface 356 of locking ring 352. Asnoted above, in the locked position the diameter of locking ring 352 isexpanded to lock locking ring 352 and screw 360 into a concavely curvedcavity of an orthopedic plate in which locking screw assembly 402 isinstalled. An outside diameter of a proximal edge of locking ring 352can be substantially the same as a diameter of cylindrical surface 355,allowing a smooth transition between the profile of convexly curvedexterior surface 366 and the profile of flange 403 when locking screwassembly 402 is in a locked configuration.

Embodiments described herein solve the problem of conventionallydesigned orthopedic plate and screw systems in which the screws may backout of the bone, thus affecting the stability provided by the orthopedicplate and the healing process. The protrusions on the clamp provideresistance to the orthopedic screw once inserted into the bone toprevent back out. In addition, revising or removing the bone plate canbe easier because of the superior visibility and access to engage theorthopedic screws.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a plate is provided forattachment to a bone, wherein said plate comprises a first surface; asecond surface positioned opposite from the first surface; and aplurality of holes extending from the top surface to the second surfacethrough the plate, wherein each hole of the plurality of holes aredimensioned and configured to accommodate an orthopedic screw, each holecomprising a substantially semi-circle-shaped clamp configured with atleast one protrusion to cover a portion of a head of the orthopedicscrew; and a channel, within which the semi-circle-shaped clamp can beseated. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the plate is curved.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the plate comprises any of acervical bone plate, an anterior lumbar plate, and a lateral lumbarplate. In accordance with at least one embodiment, each hole of theplurality of holes can be configured with a conical taper.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a system is provided forattachment to a bone, wherein said system comprises a plate comprises afirst surface; a second surface positioned opposite from the firstsurface; and a plurality of holes extending from the first surface tothe second surface through the plate, wherein each hole of the pluralityof holes are dimensioned and configured to accommodate an orthopedicscrew, each hole comprising a substantially semi-circle-shaped clampconfigured with at least one protrusion to cover a portion of a head ofthe orthopedic screw, where the at least one protrusion has a lengthextending toward the center of the semi-circle-shaped clamp; and achannel, within which the semi-circle-shaped clamp can be seated; aplurality of orthopedic screws comprising a head; a substantially flatfirst surface of the head having a first radius; and a substantiallyflat second surface of the head having a second radius, where the secondsurface is parallel with the first surface, and the second radius isgreater than the first radius and the difference between the first andsecond radiuses is greater than the length of the at least oneprotrusion of the semi-circle-shaped clamp. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the plate is curved. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the plate is designed for placement on long bones, themandible or other portions of the skull, the foot or ankle, theshoulder, the hand or wrist, and along the vertebrae. In accordance withat least one embodiment, each hole of the plurality of holes can beconfigured with a conical taper. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the plurality of orthopedic screws further comprises aconical taper on the lower end of the head of the screw.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method is provided forattaching a plate to a bone, the method comprising a) placing a plate onthe bone, the plate comprising a first surface; a second surfacepositioned opposite from the first surface; and a plurality of holesextending from the first surface to the second surface through theplate, wherein each hole of the plurality of holes are dimensioned andconfigured to accommodate an orthopedic screw, each hole comprising asubstantially semi-circle-shaped clamp configured with at least oneprotrusion to cover a portion of a head of the orthopedic screw, wherethe at least one protrusion has a length extending toward the center ofthe semi-circle-shaped clamp; and a channel, within which thesemi-circle-shaped clamp can be seated; b) securing the plate to thebone with a plurality of orthopedic screws placed in at least two of theplurality of holes, with the orthopedic screws comprising asubstantially flat first surface having a first radius; and asubstantially flat second surface having a second radius, where thesecond surface is parallel with the first surface, and the second radiusis greater than the first radius and the difference between the firstand second radiuses is greater than the length of the at least oneprotrusion of the semi-circle-shaped clamp. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the plate is curved. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the plate is designed for placement on long bones, themandible or other portions of the skull, the foot or ankle, theshoulder, the hand or wrist, and along the vertebrae. In accordance withat least one embodiment, each hole of the plurality of holes isconfigured with a conical taper. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, step b) further comprises 1) securing the plate to the bonewith an orthopedic screw placed in a first hole in the plate that islocated at a first longitudinal end of the plate; 2) applying a tractionforce to a second longitudinal end of the plate opposite of the firstlongitudinal end; and 3) while still applying the traction force to thesecond longitudinal end of the plate, further securing the plate to thebone with at least one orthopedic screw placed in the holes of theplate. In accordance with at least one embodiment, step 3) comprises,while still applying the traction force to the second longitudinal endof the plate, further securing the plate to the bone with an orthopedicscrew placed in a second hole in the plate that is located at or nearthe second longitudinal end.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, an orthopedic screwcomprises a head; a substantially flat first surface of the head havinga first radius; and a substantially flat second surface of the headhaving a second radius, where the second surface is parallel with thefirst surface, and the second radius is greater than the first radius.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the orthopedic screw furthercomprises a conical taper on the lower end of the head of the screw.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a flexure member of alocking clip lies arcuately peripheral to a fastener head of a fastenerwhich the locking clip is adapted to retain. In accordance with at leastone embodiment, the flexure member bears upon the bone fixation platewithin a cavity defined in the plate, wherein the flexure member issituated in the cavity. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theflexure member bears upon the bone fixation plate within a cavitydefined within the plate, wherein the cavity extends to further define afastener head cavity in communication with a flexure member cavity. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the flexure member spans anindirect length between two body portions of the locking clip such thatdeflection of the flexure member from displacement of a first lockingtab of a first body portion of the two body portions from its neutralposition by a fastener head causes a second locking tab of a second bodyportion of the two body portions to bear upon the fastener head. Thefirst locking tab and the second locking tab can exert forces inopposite directions. The first locking tab and the second locking tabcan engage opposite portions of the fastener head. The opposite portionsof the fastener head can, for example, be diametrically opposite. Asanother example, the opposite portions of the fastener head need not bediametrically opposite.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking fastener assemblycomprises a fastener and a locking ring. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the fastener is a screw. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, a frustoconical cavity is defined in the locking ring. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, a concavely curved cavity isdefined in the locking ring. In accordance with at least one embodiment,a convexly curved cavity is defined in the locking ring. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, a convex-to-frustoconical transition isdefined in the locking ring. In accordance with at least one embodiment,a frustoconical-to-concave transition is defined in the locking ring.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a full slit is defined inthe locking ring, interrupting annular continuity of the locking ring.In accordance with at least one embodiment, a partial slit is defined inthe locking ring, interrupting annular continuity of the locking ringover a first portion of the height of the locking ring but maintainingannular continuity of the locking ring over a second portion of theheight of the locking ring. In accordance with at least one embodiment,multiple slits are defined in the locking ring. In accordance with atleast one embodiment, a first subset of the multiple slits comprises atleast one full slit and a second subset of the multiple slits comprisesat least one partial slit. In accordance with at least one embodiment,at least one upper partial slit begins at a top edge of the locking ringbut does not continue to a bottom edge of the locking ring. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, at least one lower partial slitbegins at a bottom edge of the locking ring but does not continue to atop edge of the locking ring. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the locking ring defines at least one upper partial slit andat least one lower partial slit. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the locking ring defines at least two upper partial slits.In accordance with at least one embodiment, the locking ring defines atleast two lower partial slits. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the locking ring defines at least four alternating upper andlower partial slits.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a fastener exterior gripsurface is provided on an exterior fastener surface of a fastener, forexample, on a wedging portion of the fastener for engagement with anlocking ring interior surface of a locking ring. In accordance with atleast one embodiment, a locking ring interior grip surface is providedon a locking ring interior surface of a locking ring, for example, on alocking ring interior surface for engagement with a fastener exteriorsurface of a fastener. In accordance with at least one embodiment, alocking ring exterior grip surface is provided on a locking ringexterior surface of a locking ring, for example, on a locking ringexterior surface for engagement with a bone fixation plate cavitysurface of a bone fixation plate. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, a bone fixation plate cavity grip surface is provided on abone fixation plate cavity surface of a bone fixation plate forengagement with a locking ring exterior surface of a locking ring. Anyor all of the foregoing grip surfaces may be provided alone, or multipleones of the foregoing grip surfaces may be provided. For example, afastener exterior grip surface and a locking ring interior grip surfacemay be provided to interact with each other. Such interaction may, forexample, provide that rotation of the fastener, such as via ascrewdriver, results in rotation in unison of both the fastener and thelocking ring. Examples of grip surfaces include a machined surface, suchas on comprising stipples, ridges, channels, serrations, or knurling; aparticulate blasted surface; an acid etched surface; a laser formedsurface; a laser resurfaced surface; a thermal spray formed surface; ahydroxylapatite (HA) coated surface; or combinations thereof. Surfacesnot intended to serve as grip surfaces may be, for example, naturally orsynthetically oxidized surfaces, anodized surfaces, polymer-coatedsurfaces, or combinations thereof.

While embodiments are described with respect to particular types offasteners, such as screws having particular types of tips and threads,other embodiments may be practiced with other types of tips and threads.For example, fasteners may be practiced with self-drilling tips whichalso provide self-tapping of threads, self-tapping threads that do notprovide self-drilling, or smoothly curved tips that need not provideeither self-drilling or self-tapping.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a fastener for a lockingfastener assembly, such as a locking screw assembly, can include aflange adjacent to a wedging surface of a wedging portion of the lockingfastener. The flange can have a radially greater extent than the wedgingsurface. The flange can serve as a travel stop to limit the axial travelof a locking ring of the locking fastener assembly. By limiting theaxial travel of the locking ring relative to the locking fastener, theextent of the wedging action can be limited, limiting the extent towhich the locking ring can be expanded according to the wedging action.Thus, overexpansion of the locking ring can be prevented.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the locking ring has alocking ring convexly curved exterior surface and a locking ringinterior surface configured to cooperate with a wedging portion of afastener exterior surface. In accordance with at least one embodiment,the locking ring convexly curved exterior surface meets the locking ringinterior surface at a locking ring lower annular boundary of the lockingring. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking ring lowerannular surface lies between the lowest extent of the locking ringconvexly curved exterior surface and the lowest extent of the lockingring interior surface. The locking ring lower annular surface may, forexample, be a planar locking ring lower annular surface or afrustoconical locking ring lower annular surface.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the locking ring has alocking ring upper annular surface disposed between the highest extentof the locking ring convexly curved exterior surface and the highestextent of the locking ring interior surface. The locking ring upperannular surface may, for example, be a planar locking ring upper annularsurface or a frustoconical locking ring upper annular surface.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, manufacturing of suchembodiment may be performed using known manufacturing techniques, whichmay include, for example, milling, such as with a computer numericallycontrolled (CNC) mill; turning, such as with a CNC lathe; electricaldischarge machining (EDM); laser sintering; particulate blasting; acidetching; anodizing; laser marking; and combinations thereof.Alternatively or in conjunction with one or more such manufacturingtechniques, other known techniques may be used.

Articles in accordance with at least one embodiment may be formed from abiocompatible material substantially consisting of titanium (Ti).Articles in accordance with at least one embodiment may be formed frombiocompatible metallic materials substantially consisting primarily oftitanium (Ti) alloyed with at least one of aluminum (Al), vanadium (V),zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), tin(Sn), palladium (Pd), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), copper (Cu),niobium (Nb), boron (B), cobalt (Co), ruthenium (Ru), tantalum (Ta), andindium (In). As examples, embodiments, including embodiments of alocking clip, a bone fixation plate, a screw, and a locking ring, may beformed from one or more materials selected from a group consisting ofnitinol, titanium, and stainless steel.

At least one embodiment may be used for a human orthopedic applicationto provide bone fixation for a human. At least one embodiment may beused for a veterinary application to provide bone fixation for ananimal.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking clip can be formedas a separate structure from a bone fixation plate and installed in thebone fixation plate. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theneutral (e.g., unbiased) shape of the locking clip is configured to besecurely retained in the bone fixation plate, preventing the lockingclip from unintentionally being removed from the bone fixation plate. Asan example, the locking clip can be configured to require a clip tool beused to forcibly flex the locking clip into a shape that allows removalof the locking clip from the bone fixation plate when removal isdesired. Accordingly to at least one embodiment, the clip tool can beused to forcibly flex the locking clip in a manner (e.g., a translatingbut non-rotating manner) to remove a fastener from the bone fixationplate without removing the locking clip from the bone fixation plate.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a locking clip is formedintegrally with the bone fixation plate. As an example, an additivemanufacturing technique can be used to construct the bone fixation plateand at least one locking clip as an integral structure within a singlepiece of material. As another example, a subtractive manufacturingtechnique can be used to remove material so as to form at least onelocking clip as an integral structure within a single piece of materialthat also forms the bone fixation plate. As another example, subtractiveand additive manufacturing techniques can be used together to produce atleast one locking clip as an integral structure within a single piece ofmaterial that also forms the bone fixation plate.

The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fullyreveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, byapplying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for variousapplications such specific embodiments without departing from thegeneric concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modificationsshould and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and rangeof equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood thatthe phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose ofdescription and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodimentsherein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, thoseskilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can bepracticed with modification within the spirit and scope of the appendedclaims.

Although the invention is described herein with reference to specificembodiments, various modifications and changes can be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention, as set forth in theclaims below. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to beregarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and allsuch modifications are intended to be included within the scope of thepresent invention. Any benefits, advantages, or solutions to problemsthat are described herein with regard to specific embodiments are notintended to be construed as a critical, required, or essential featureor element of any or all the claims.

Unless stated otherwise, terms such as “first” and “second” are used toarbitrarily distinguish between the elements such terms describe. Thus,these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate temporal or otherprioritization of such elements. The terms “a” and “an” are defined asone or more unless stated otherwise. The terms “comprise” (and any formof comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any formof have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form ofinclude, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any formof contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linkingverbs. As a result, a system, device, or apparatus that “comprises,”“has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more elements possesses those oneor more elements but is not limited to possessing only those one or moreelements. Similarly, a method or process that “comprises,” “has,”“includes” or “contains” one or more operations possesses those one ormore operations but is not limited to possessing only those one or moreoperations.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A bone fixation plate assembly, comprising: a bonefixation plate including a fastener hole and a clip cavity adjacent tothe fastener hole; and a locking clip comprising: a flexure memberhaving a partial circular shape and situated at least in part in theclip cavity; and a locking tab having a convex shape extending inwardrelative to the partial circular shape of the flexure member.
 22. Thebone fixation plate assembly of claim 21, wherein the flexure member isresiliently flexible to permit displacement of the locking tab to allowpassage of a fastener head of a fastener.
 23. The bone fixation plateassembly of claim 22, wherein a spring tension of the flexure member ina displaced state biases the locking tab to return to a neutral positiononce the fastener head has passed below an underside surface of thelocking tab.
 24. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim 23, whereinthe locking tab is configured to provide an axial limitation to motionof the fastener in a non-rotationally-ratcheting manner.
 25. The bonefixation plate assembly of claim 21, wherein the fastener hole includesa bottom taper configured to receive a tapered surface of a head of afastener at either of an angled and a perpendicular approach relative tothe bone fixation plate.
 26. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim21, wherein the clip cavity is radially oriented to correspond to thepartial circular shape of the flexure member.
 27. The bone fixationplate assembly of claim 21, the clip cavity is sized to allow flex ofthe flexure member within the clip cavity when the flexure member is ina displaced state.
 28. A bone fixation plate assembly, comprising: abone fixation plate comprising: a fastener hole; and a clip cavitylocated adjacent to the fastener hole and radially oriented around atleast a portion of the fastener hole; and a locking clip comprising: aflexure member situated at least in part in the clip cavity; and alocking tab having a convex shape extending inward toward a center ofthe fastener hole.
 29. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim 28,wherein the flexure member is resiliently flexible to permitdisplacement of the locking tab to allow passage of a fastener head of afastener.
 30. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim 29, wherein aspring tension of the flexure member in a displaced state biases thelocking tab to return to a neutral position once the fastener head haspassed below an underside surface of the locking tab.
 31. The bonefixation plate assembly of claim 30, wherein the locking tab isconfigured to provide an axial limitation to motion of the fastener in anon-rotationally-ratcheting manner.
 32. The bone fixation plate assemblyof claim 28, wherein the fastener hole includes a bottom taperconfigured to receive a tapered surface of a head of a fastener ateither of an angled and a perpendicular approach relative to the bonefixation plate.
 33. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim 28,wherein the clip cavity is sized to allow flex of the flexure memberwithin the clip cavity when the flexure member is in a displaced state.34. A bone fixation plate assembly, comprising: a bone fixation platecomprising: a fastener hole; and a clip cavity located adjacent to thefastener hole; and a locking clip comprising: a flexure member situatedat least in part in the clip cavity; and two locking tabs each having aconvex shape extending inward toward a center of the fastener hole, thetwo locking tabs respectively positioned at opposing locations relativeto each other.
 35. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim 34, whereinthe flexure member is resiliently flexible to permit displacement of atleast one of the two locking tabs to allow passage of a fastener head ofa fastener.
 36. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim 35, wherein aspring tension of the flexure member in a displaced state biases the atleast one of the two locking tabs to return to a neutral position oncethe fastener head has passed below an underside surface of the lockingtab.
 37. The bone fixation plate assembly of claim 36, wherein the twolocking tabs are each configured to provide an axial limitation tomotion of the fastener in a non-rotationally-ratcheting manner.
 38. Thebone fixation plate assembly of claim 34, wherein the fastener holeincludes a bottom taper configured to receive a tapered surface of ahead of a fastener at either of an angled and a perpendicular approachrelative to the bone fixation plate.
 39. The bone fixation plateassembly of claim 34, wherein the clip cavity is radially oriented tocorrespond to a partial circular shape of the flexure member.
 40. Thebone fixation plate assembly of claim 34, wherein the clip cavity issized to allow flex of the flexure member within the clip cavity whenthe flexure member is in a displaced state.